Compete Globally, Bud Locally

Built-In Learner Participation Potential of Locally- and Globally-Designed ELT Materials

This study aims at empirically measuring a universal criterion for materials evaluation, i.e., learning opportunities, in a locally- and a globally-designed materials. Adopting the conceptual framework of sociocultural theory and its conceptualization of learning as participation (Donato, 2000), the researchers utilized the methodological power of conversation analysis to examine how opportunit...

Antagonistic action of strigolactone and cytokinin in bud outgrowth control.

Cytokinin (CK) has long been implicated as a promoter of bud outgrowth in plants, but exactly how this is achieved in coordination with other plant hormones is unclear. The recent discovery of strigolactones (SLs) as the long-sought branch-inhibiting hormone allowed us to test how CK and SL coordinately regulate bud outgrowth in pea (Pisum sativum). We found that SL-deficient plants are more se...

Interaction rules affect species coexistence in intransitive networks.

Intransitive communities, those in which species' abilities cannot be ranked in a hierarchy, have been the focus of theoretical and empirical research, as intransitivity could help explain the maintenance of biodiversity. Here we show that models for intransitive competition embedding slightly different interaction rules can produce opposite patterns. In particular, we find that interactions in...

 Structure Learning in Bayesian Networks Using Asexual Reproduction Optimization

A new structure learning approach for Bayesian networks (BNs) based on asexual reproduction optimization (ARO) is proposed in this letter. ARO can be essentially considered as an evolutionary based algorithm that mathematically models the budding mechanism of asexual reproduction. In ARO, a parent produces a bud through a reproduction operator; thereafter the parent and its bud compete to survi...

Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) Interface